On behalf of Maurice Knox, Donati Law intervened in this lawsuit originally
filed by the EEOC against Skanska USA Building, Inc. for severe racial
harassment and retaliation in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 and section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Skanska
was the general contractor in charge of the construction of the new Le
Bonheur Children’s Hospital. During construction, Mr. Knox and a
number of other African-American workers were employed to operate the
buck hoists or the temporary elevators that haul people and materials
to different floors on construction sites. The buck hoist operators on
the site had been hired directly by a sub-contractor, C-1, Inc. C-1’s
interaction with the buck hoist operators, however, was largely limited
to serving as a staffing agency as the responsibilities and duties of
day-to-day supervision were assumed by Skanska.
At summary judgment, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment
on the issue of whether Skanska was an “employer” under Title
VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Skanska argued that C-1 was not the buck
hoist operators employer and thus could be not liable for racial harassment
and retaliation. Donati Law, on behalf of Mr. Knox, and the EEOC argued
that Skanska was an employer under the “joint employer” liability
theory, which states that entities that “share or co-determine those
matters governing essential terms and conditions of employment”
are considered “employers” and are thus subject to liability
under Title VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. The district court found in
favor of Skanska and Mr. Knox and the EEOC immediately appealed that ruling
to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
After briefing and oral argument, the three judge panel consisting of Hon.
John M. Rogers, Hon. Raymond M. Kethledge, and Hon. Paul D. Borman (sitting
by special designation out of the Eastern District of Michigan) reversed
the lower court’s decision and remanded for proceedings consistent
with its opinion. Notably, the court’s opinion authorized by Judge
Kethledge held, “The reality is that C-1 was a nonentity on the
construction site…. Viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs,
the record here is enough to support a determination Skanska jointly employed
the operators.”
Attorneys Donald A. Donati, William B. Ryan, and Bryce W. Ashby were on
brief. Mr. Donati argued for Mr. Knox at oral argument.